Novel meat and dairy alternatives could help curb climate-harming emissions - UN
Plant-Based News
Dubai, December 8, 2023 - A new report from the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) suggests that emerging alternatives to conventional meat and dairy products could significantly reduce the environmental impact of the global food system. This is particularly relevant for high- and middle-income countries but requires reliance on low-carbon energy sources.
The report, titled “What’s Cooking? An Assessment of the Potential Impact of Select Novel Alternatives to Conventional Animal Products,” focuses on three main categories:
1. Plant-Based Meats: These are made from plant-based ingredients like soy, pea protein, and wheat gluten, and often aim to mimic the taste and texture of meat.
2. Cultivated Meat: This is produced by growing animal cells in a lab, without the need to slaughter animals.
3. Fermentation-Based Protein: This uses microorganisms to ferment plant sugars into protein-rich ingredients.
The report highlights several potential benefits of these novel alternatives:
Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Animal agriculture is a major contributor to climate change, responsible for nearly 60% of food-related greenhouse gas emissions. These alternatives could significantly reduce emissions by requiring less land, water, and energy to produce.
Improved Land Use: Animal agriculture is a leading cause of deforestation and land degradation. These alternatives could free up land for other uses, such as reforestation and conservation.
Reduced Water and Soil Pollution: Animal agriculture is a major source of water and soil pollution. These alternatives could significantly reduce pollution by requiring less water and releasing fewer pollutants.
Improved Animal Welfare: Traditional animal agriculture often raises ethical concerns regarding animal welfare. These alternatives do not require the raising and slaughter of animals, potentially reducing suffering.
Reduced Risks of Zoonotic Diseases: Animal agriculture is linked to the spread of zoonotic diseases like COVID-19 and avian influenza. These alternatives could reduce the risk of future outbreaks.
However, the report also acknowledges some challenges and uncertainties:
Health Concerns: Some novel alternatives, especially plant-based products, can be highly processed and contain high levels of salt and saturated fats. More research is needed on the long-term health impacts of regular consumption.
Cost and Availability: These alternatives are often more expensive than conventional meat and dairy products, and their availability may be limited in some regions.
Social and Cultural Acceptability: Shifting consumer preferences away from traditional meat and dairy may take time and effort.
Despite these challenges, the report concludes that novel alternatives have the potential to play a significant role in creating a more sustainable, healthier, and more humane food system. The authors recommend several policy options to support the development and adoption of these alternatives, including:
Increased Research and Development: Government funding and support for open-access research are essential to improve the quality and affordability of these alternatives.
Financial Incentives: Shifting subsidies and tax breaks to favor novel alternatives can encourage their production and consumption.
Trade and Food Safety Standards: International cooperation is needed to establish clear and consistent standards for trade and food safety, ensuring consumer confidence.
Public Awareness: Education and outreach campaigns can help consumers understand the benefits of these alternatives and encourage their adoption.
The report represents a significant step forward in understanding the potential of novel alternatives to conventional meat and dairy products. By investing in research, development, and policy support, these alternatives can play a key role in building a more sustainable future for the planet.